Which of the following is considered a noxious weed?

White horsenettle is considered a noxious weed due to its invasive nature and the potential harm it causes to crops and native ecosystems. Noxious weeds are typically plants that are recognized as harmful to agricultural practices, natural habitats, or human health. White horsenettle can produce a significant number of seeds, promoting its spread, and the plant is toxic to livestock if ingested, making it a serious concern for farmers and land managers.

In contrast, the other plants listed may not possess the same level of detrimental impact or are not classified as noxious weeds in many regions. Understanding the classification of plants as noxious helps in implementing effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies aimed at controlling their spread and minimizing their impact on agricultural productivity and biodiversity. Recognizing and managing noxious weeds like white horsenettle is critical in maintaining healthy ecosystems and productive agricultural land.