What kind of damage would be seen in an orchard if meadow voles were present?

Gnawing on bark is a characteristic type of damage associated with meadow voles in orchards. These small rodents feed on the tender bark of trees, especially during the winter months when other food sources are scarce. This gnawing can lead to significant harm, as it can disrupt the tree's vascular system, ultimately compromising the tree's health and growth.

The presence of this type of damage is often a clear indicator of meadow vole activity, as they typically prefer to inhabit areas with abundant ground cover and can create extensive feeding tunnels close to the base of the trees. Regular monitoring for this type of damage is crucial for orchard management, as it helps identify vole activity early, allowing for timely pest control measures to protect the trees.